Ing-Ed+Adjectives


 * ING || the cause

horrifying! || ||
 * ED || the effect

horrified! || || GRAMMAR =ACTIVITIES =

There are many adjectives that we have in English that end in **-ED** or **-ING**. Yes, that's correct, they are not only endings that we use for verbs! An adjective that ends in **-ING** is used to describe: the **characteristic** of a person or a thing. An adjective that ends in **-ED** is used to describe: a **feeling**. Compare the difference:
 * My girlfriend is **bored**. - (My girlfriend feels bored)
 * My girlfriend is **boring**. - (My girlfriend is a boring person)

You can use these adjectives to describe people or situations but be careful that you are using the correct adjective. For example, there is a big difference in meaning between:
 * <span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">I am **confused**. - (I don't understand something)
 * <span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">I am **confusing**. - (I will cause you to be confused)

<span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">Of course, you could also find both adjectives in the same sentence. Then you really need to concentrate on the intent / context of the sentence. <span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">Examples:
 * <span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">I was **shocked** by how **shocking** the accident was last night.
 * <span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">They were **frightened** by the **frightening** roller-coaster ride!
 * <span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">I am **annoyed** by how **annoying** that person in front of us is.
 * <span style="color: #444444; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium; text-align: left;">Sally was **confused** by the **confusing** street signs in the city.

<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;">Note that the sentences above are to highlight how both adjectives can appear in the same sentence though it isn't common (because it sounds repetitive). From www.grammar.cl

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